Bone Skates Database
letzte Aktualisierung: 20.01.2010
This database contains information gathered for the bone skate project by Hans Christian Küchelmann and Petar Zidarov for the 4th Meeting of the ICAZ Worked Bone Research Group (WBRG) at Tallinn, Estonia, August 2003.
The database will be updated as new evidence evolves. Anybody who likes to contribute information about bone skate finds not listed here is welcome. Please contact info@knochenarbeit.de.
| Explanations | |
| Modifications: The majority of the examples found show the following orientation of the skate in relation to the bone: |
|
| cranial / dorsal side of bone | = gliding side of skate |
| caudal / palmar / plantar side of bone | = standing side of skate |
| distal end of bone | = front of skate |
| proximal end of bone | = rear of skate |
| Known exceptions are noted in the remarks column. | |
| 1 | distal end shaped to a pointed tip | ![]() |
| 2 | distal end dorsal / cranial upswept | ![]() |
| 3 | proximal end dorsal / cranial upswept | ![]() |
| 4 | chopping of lateral and medial side distal | ![]() |
| 5 | chopping of lateral and medial side proximal | ![]() |
| 6 | chopping of caudal / plantar / palmar side distal | ![]() |
| 7 | chopping of caudal / plantar / palmar side proximal | ![]() |
| 8 | drilled transverse hole distal | ![]() |
| 9 | drilled transverse hole proximal | ![]() |
| 10 | drilled axial hole in the proximal articulation surface | ![]() |
| 11 | two oblique holes distal | ![]() |
| 12 | two oblique holes proximal | ![]() |
| 13 | other holes (see remarks column) | |
| 14 | iron loop in distal articulation surface | |
| 15 | iron loop in proximal articulation surface | ![]() |
| 16 | other fastening device (see remarks column) | |
| 17 | roughening of the caudal / palmar / plantar side by blows with coarse tool | ![]() |
| 18 | flattening of the cranial / dorsal side evident by visible grinding or chopping marks | |
| 19 | upper half of the caudal / palmar / plantar side of the bone removed, medullar cavity exposed | ![]() |
| The following modifications are not mentioned since they are part of the functional definition of bone skates: • Removing of protruding parts of the later gliding surface • A plane, polished gliding surface with predominantly axial striations resulting from use |
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| Species: Cattle = Bos taurus Donkey = Equus asinus Horse = Equus caballus Red deer = Cervus elaphus Sheep = Ovis aries Wolf = Canis lupus |
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| Dating: BC = before Christ, AD = Anno Domini, cent. = century |
||
| References (pdf-file, 72 kB) | ||
| top of page | ||
Bone Skate Table |
||
You can enter any phrase in the search field. An empty selection displays all records. |
All records are displayed. |
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| Location | Country | Dating | Period | Culture | N | Species | Skeletal Element |
Modification | Remarks | Reference | Collection | Archive Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premyslemi | Czech Republic | Early Bronze Age | Knoviz | 1 |
horse | Schranil 1928, 169 | ||||||
| Albertfalva | Hungary | ca. 2500 BC | Early Bronze Age | Bell Beaker | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 9 |
Choyke et al. 2003, 183, 185; Choyke & Bartosiewicz 2005, 318, fig. 2-3 | |||
| Albertfalva | Hungary | ca. 2500 BC | Early Bronze Age | Bell Beaker | 3 |
Horse | Radius | Choyke et al. 2003, 183, 185; Choyke & Bartosiewicz 2005, 318 | ||||
| South West Slovakia | Slovakia | Early Bronze Age | Madarovce | ? |
? | ? | Tocik 1959 | |||||
| Szazhalom- batta-Földvar | Hungary | 1800 - 1500 BC | Middle Bronze Age | Vatya | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 3 |
Choyke et al. 2003, 183, 185, 187, fig. 15; Choyke & Bartosiewicz 2005, 318-319, fig. 5 | |||
| Szazhalom- batta-Földvar | Hungary | 1800 - 1500 BC | Middle Bronze Age | Vatya | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | Choyke et al. 2003, 183, 185, 187, fig. 15; Choyke & Bartosiewicz 2005, 318-319 | ||||
| Szazhalom- batta-Földvar | Hungary | 1800 - 1500 BC | Middle Bronze Age | Vatya | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | Choyke et al. 2003, 183, 185, 187; Choyke & Bartosiewicz 2005, 318-319 | ||||
| Törökbálint | Hungary | Late Bronze Age | 2 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13 |
3rd transversal holes through proximal half of the bone; vertical holes into 3rd transversal holes | Choyke, e-mails 16.10. -1.11.2003; ; Choyke & Bartosiewicz 2005, 320 | ||||
| Lébény-Kaszás- domb, feature 145 | Hungary | Late Bronze Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke & Bartosiewicz 2005, 320-321 | ||||||
| Lébény-Kaszás- domb, feature 100 | Hungary | Late Bronze Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 13 |
cross-shaped hole on palmar side, distal end palmar upswept | Choyke & Bartosiewicz 2005, 320 | exhibition Hanság Museum Mosonmag- yaróvár | |||
| Lébény-Kaszás- domb | Hungary | Late Bronze Age | 1 |
? | ? | Choyke & Bartosiewicz 2005, 321 | ||||||
| Gyor | Hungary | 1200 - 1000 BC | Late Bronze Age | Tumulus Culture | 2 |
? | Metapodium | Choyke, e-mail 15.5.2004; Choyke & Bartosiewicz 2005, 320 | ||||
| Zlatopol' | Ukrainia | Late Bronze Age | Sabatynivka | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 8 |
unfinished? | Gerskovic 1999, pl. 10.1 | |||
| Sabatynivka | Ukrainia | Late Bronze Age | Sabatynivka | Horse | Metatarsus | Pankovskiy, Abstracts WBRG Paris 2007 | ||||||
| Sabatynivka | Ukrainia | Late Bronze Age | Sabatynivka | Cattle | Radius | Pankovskiy, Abstracts WBRG Paris 2007 | ||||||
| Novakievka | Ukrainia | Late Bronze Age | Sabatynivka | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2 |
Gerskovic 1999, pl. 34.4 | ||||
| Novakievka | Ukrainia | Late Bronze Age | Sabatinovka | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | Gerskovic 1999, pl. 34.5 | |||||
| Novakievka | Ukrainia | Late Bronze Age | Sabatynivka | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 11 |
Gerskovic 1999, pl. 34.6 | ||||
| Höngeda | Germany | Bronze Age | 2 |
horse | radius | Sellmann 1911, 69-70, pl. IX.6-7 | 201, 204 | |||||
| Verebély | Hungary | Bronze Age? | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | dating doubtful! | Herman 1902, 222, pl. V.4 | |||||
| Lake Settlements | Switzerland | Bronze Age? | ? |
? | ? | Tschumi 1949, 621 | ||||||
| Prellenkirchen, Leitha-Marsch | Austria | Early Iron Age | Late Laténe | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 2, 4, 5 | Adam, in prep.; Kunst, e-mail 26.6.2003 + 9.7.2009 | ||||
| Greda, Mako Petrovits Veliki, Donia Dolina | Bosnia | Early Iron Age | Late Hallstatt | 1 |
horse | ? | 7 or 8, 11 or 12 |
Curcic 1912, 535; Trubelka 1904, 154 | ||||
| Zwingendorf | Austria | 4th cent. | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 2, 6 |
Kunst 2002, 264-269, 279, pl. 3a-c | ZW 252 | |||
| Zwingendorf | Austria | 4th cent. | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 1, 2, 17, 18, 19 |
Kunst 2002, 263-269, 278, pl. 2b-c | ZW 151/96 | |||
| Zwingendorf | Austria | 4th cent. | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 5, 7, 18 |
proximal fragment | Kunst 2002, 264-269, 279, pl. 3d | ZW 95/96 | ||
| Zwingendorf | Austria | 4th cent. | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 17, 18 |
not used, interpretation not certain | Kunst 2002, 264-269, 280, pl. 4a | ZW 10/96 | ||
| Mautern, Vicus Ost | Austria | 100–140 AD | Roman Iron Age | Roman | 1 |
cattle | radius | 4 |
Groh & Sedlmayer 2006, 909; Kunst 2006, 725 | 826/55, Parz. 800, PQ 94 | ||
| Gerasdorf am Steinfeld | Austria | 1st cent AD | Roman Iron Age | Roman | 1 |
cattle | radius | Kunst, pers. com. 9.3.2005, 9.7.2009 | ||||
| Oberdorla | Germany | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2 |
Barthel 1969, 211-212, 222, pl. 34.2 | Museum Weimar | MW 127/62 | |||
| Oberdorla | Germany | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 4, 6, 7, 17, |
Barthel 1969, 211-212, 223, pl. 32.2 | Museum Weimar | MW III/56/40 | |||
| Oberdorla | Germany | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 10 |
hole ż 17 mm | Barthel 1969, 211-212, 223, pl. 32.1 | Museum Weimar | MW 12/60 | ||
| Oberdorla | Germany | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 4, 7, 17 |
Barthel 1969, 211-212, 223-224, pl. 34.1 | Museum Weimar | MW 306/64/15 | |||
| Mühlhausen, Thüringen | Germany | 1st cent. BC | Roman Iron Age | Latčne | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 1, 2 |
Sellmann 1911, 68-70, pl. IX.5 | 125 | ||
| Köln, Flottenlager Alteburg | Germany | 0-300 AD | Roman Iron Age | Roman | 1 |
wolf | radius | 3, 4, 6, 7 |
proxmal and distal end sawn off | Berke 2004 | ||
| Kliestow bei Frankfurt (Oder) | Germany | 2nd - 4th cent. | Roman Iron Age | Germanic | 1 |
artiodactyla | Tibia | fragment | Marschalleck 1940, 302 | Haus 4 | ||
| Kliestow bei Frankfurt (Oder) | Germany | 2nd - 4th cent. | Roman Iron Age | Germanic | 1 |
? | ? | fragment | Marschalleck 1940, 302 | Haus 6 | ||
| Gera-Tinz | Germany | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 4, 7 |
Barthel 1969, 217 | Museum Weimar | MW 742/65 | |||
| Feddersen Wierde | Germany | 1st cent. BC - 4th cent. AD | Roman Iron Age | Germanic | 1 |
cattle | metatarsus | 2, 3 |
Haarnagel 1979, 341, pl. 56.3; Reichstein 1991a 304, 307; 1991b, pl. 59.1 | |||
| Feddersen Wierde | Germany | 1st cent. BC - 4th cent. AD | Roman Iron Age | Germanic | 1 |
cattle | metatarsus | 2 |
Reichstein 1991a, 307; 1991b, pl. 59.2 | |||
| Feddersen Wierde | Germany | 1st cent. BC - 4th cent. AD | Roman Iron Age | Germanic | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 2 |
Reichstein 1991a, 307; 1991b, pl. 61.1 | |||
| London, Tokenhouse Yard | Great Britain | Roman Iron Age? | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 8, 15 |
found with Samian Pottery | MacGregor 1976, 59-60, fig. 1C | British Museum London | |||
| Gyoma 133, pit 88 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 7 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 312, 319, fig. 2 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 65 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 312 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 64 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 312 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 51 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 4, 5 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 312, 319, fig. 2 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 51 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 3, 5 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 312, 319, fig. 2 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 48 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 3, 7 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 312 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 46 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 2 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-311 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 45 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 18 |
Choyke 1996, 307-311 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 45 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2 |
Choyke 1996, 307-311, 318, fig. 1 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 41 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 2 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-311 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 41 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 2 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2 |
Choyke 1996, 307-311 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 41 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 2 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 3, 6, 18 |
Choyke 1996, 307-311, 319, fig. 2 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 40 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 2 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 6, 7 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 319, fig. 2 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 379 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 315 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 352 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 315 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 327 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 315 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 319 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 6, 7 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 315 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 296 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 314 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 277 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 314, 318, fig. 1 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 266 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 18 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 314, 318, fig. 1 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 259 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 314, 318, fig. 1 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 214 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 314 | ||||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 202 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 313 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 202 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 18 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 313, 318, fig. 1 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 199 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 313, 318, fig. 1 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 182 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 3, 18 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 313, 319, fig. 2 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 180 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 313 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 17 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 166 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 313, 319, fig. 2 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 143 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 313 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 124 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 312 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, pit 120 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 312, 318, fig. 1 | |||||
| Gyoma 133, D 6 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 4, 5 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 316 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, C 3 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 316 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, B 13 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 6, 7, 18 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 316 | ||||
| Gyoma 133, A 10 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 18 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 315, 318, fig. 1 | ||||
| Gyoma 133 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 3 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 315-316 | ||||
| Gyoma 133 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 2 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Choyke 1996, 307-310, 316-317 | |||||
| Gyoma 133 | Hungary | Roman Iron Age | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2 |
Choyke 1996, 307-310, 317 | ||||
| Wroclaw, Magnice | Poland | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
horse | metpodium | 2 |
exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | |||||
| Polwica, distr. Olawski | Poland | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | exhibition Archaeological Museum Wroclaw 9/2009 | ||||||
| Polwica, distr. Olawski | Poland | Roman Iron Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | exhibition Archaeological Museum Wroclaw 9/2009 | 5/1702 | |||||
| Vlisseghem | Belgium | 5th - 8th cent. | Migration Period | Frankish | 1 |
? | ? | de Lo‘ 1939, 178 | ||||
| Sorte Muld | Denmark | 5th - 6th cent. | Migration Period | ? |
? | ? | Klindt-Jensen 1951, 20; 1957, 140-141 | |||||
| Endrőd 170 | Hungary | 4th - 5th cent. | Migration Period | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 3 |
Bartosiewicz 2003, 116-117, fig. 16; Choyke 1997, 71 | |||
| Endrőd 170 | Hungary | 4th - 5th cent. | Migration Period | Sarmatian | 2 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2 |
Bartosiewicz 2003, 116-117, fig. 16; Choyke 1997, 71 | |||
| Endrőd 170 | Hungary | 4th - 5th cent. | Migration Period | Sarmatian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Bartosiewicz 2003, 116-117, fig. 16; Choyke 1997, 71 | ||||
| Gara Banca | Romania | 4th - 5th cent. | Migration Period | Mures-Cerneahov | 1 |
cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
Stanc & Bejenaru, presentation WBRG conference Paris 8/2007 | |||
| Vallhagar | Sweden | Migration Period | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
Stenberger 1955, 857-859, 1105-1108, 1080, fig. 458.12, 468 | |||||
| Baumgarten an der March | Austria | Early Middle Age | 2 |
horse | metatarsus | 2 |
Kunst 2009, 198-201, Abb. 1 | Objekt 13 | ||||
| Baumgarten an der March | Austria | Early Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | fragment, cranial surface worn down till medullar cavity | Kunst 2009, 199-201 | Objekt 67 | ||||
| Baumgarten an der March | Austria | Early Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 18 |
semi-finished | Kunst 2009, 201 | Objekt 13 | |||
| Durankulak | Bulgaria | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | 1 |
? | Radius | Todorova 1989, pl. 5 | |||||
| Durankulak | Bulgaria | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Todorova 1989, pl. 5 | |||||
| Durankulak | Bulgaria | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | 1 |
? | Radius | Todorova 1989, pl. 5 | |||||
| Ribe, Domerhaven | Denmark | Early Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2 |
Ambrosiani 1981, 138-139, fig. 88 | D 6008 | |||
| Ribe, Domerhaven | Denmark | Early Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
Cattle or Horse | Metapodium | Ambrosiani 1981, 138-139 | 7709 | ||||
| Ribe, Domerhaven | Denmark | Early Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
Cattle or Horse | Metapodium | Ambrosiani 1981, 138-139 | D 6558 | ||||
| Pada | Estonia | 8th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 8 |
Luik 2000, fig. 2; Luik & Maldre 2005, 264, fig. 2 | AI 5082: 261 | |||
| Pada | Estonia | 8th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 9 |
Luik 2000, fig. 3.1; Luik & Maldre 2005, 264, fig. 2 | AI 5082: 851 | |||
| Pada | Estonia | 8th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | 5 - 7 |
Horse | Metapodium | 14 fragments | Luik & Maldre 2005, 264 | ||||
| Schleswig-Holstein | Germany | 8th - 10th cent. | Early middle Age | Viking | 2 |
? | ? | exhibition Heimatmuseum Nordstrand | ||||
| Sachsen | Germany | 7th - 9th cent. | Early Middle Age | Slavic | ? |
? | ? | Jacob 1911, 220 | ||||
| Menzlin | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 7 |
Horse, Cattle | Metapodium, Radius | Schoknecht 1977, 99-146, 192 | ||||
| Igersheim | Germany | 6th - 8th cent. | Early Middle Age | Merovingian | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | plantar side = gliding surface | Kokabi et al. 1994, 91, fig. 10 | |||
| Groß Raden | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 5 |
Cattle | Metapodium | 2, 3 |
Schuldt 1985 | |||
| Groß Raden | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2 |
Schuldt 1985, fig. 9, 11 | |||
| Groß Raden | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 3 |
Schuldt 1985, fig. 10, 22 | |||
| Groß Raden | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 18 |
Schuldt 1985, fig. 25 | |||
| Groß Raden | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 3 |
? | Radius | 2 |
Schuldt 1985, fig. 18, 19, 28 | |||
| Groß Raden | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 29 |
? | ? | Schuldt 1985 | ||||
| Feddersen Wierde | Germany | Early Middle Age | Germanic | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 2, 3, 10 |
Haarnagel 1979, 341, pl. 56.1; Reichstein 1991a, 307 | ||||
| Esens | Germany | 7th cent. | Early Middle Age | Frisian | 1 |
Cattle | Metapodium | 2, 3, 6, 7 |
Bärenfänger 2002, 259, 282, 285, fig. 51.2 | |||
| Bremen, Wummensiede | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | Focke-Museum Bremen | FM 8022 | ||||
| Bremen, Bredenplatz, 231-Altstadt | Germany | 8th - 9th c. | Early Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | metatarsus | 2 |
Küchelmann, in prep. | Landes-archäologie Bremen | 55 (1); Bf. 124 | ||
| Bremen, Bredenplatz, 231-Altstadt | Germany | 8th - 9th c. | Early Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 5, 19 |
Küchelmann, in prep. | Landes-archäologie Bremen | 54; Bf. 121 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 700 - 830 | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 18 |
Becker 1990, fig. 1 | BW14 If17955 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 940 - 970 | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | Becker 1990, fig. 3f | BW15 IF16218 | |||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 940 - 983 | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 3, 7 |
Becker 1990 | BW14 If18562 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 970 - 983 | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 7, 18 |
Becker 1990 | BW17 If18780 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 970 - 983 | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 3, 6, 7 |
Becker 1990, fig. 1, 3c, 4b | BW17 If19685 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 750 - 830 | Early Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 4, 5, 17 |
Becker 1993, 96, 98, pl. 2, 3.1 | SF 105 BW 22/37 | ||
| Bayern | Germany | Early Middle Age | 10 |
? | ? | Schäffer & von den Driesch 1983 | ||||||
| York, Piccadilly | Great Britain | 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus ? | 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 |
found with hazel wood peg | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2049 | 7930 / sf697 | |
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 6, 7, 10 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2022 | 7120 / sf8843 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
? | ? | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2022 | 7121 / sf10934 | |||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 2, 6, 7, 10, 17 |
fragment of wooden peg (willow?) in axial hole | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2022-2023, fig. 942, 944a-b, 945a | 7122 / sf12208 | |
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 2, 8, 9 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7123 / sf13148 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7124 / sf13395 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 9th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 13 |
oblique hole in distal end | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023, fig. 942 | 7125 / sf14001 | |
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 930 - 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 17 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023, fig. 942 | 7126 / sf7722 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 930 - 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 2 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7127 / sf7866 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 930 - 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 1 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7128 / sf7867 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 930 - 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 2, 10, |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7129 / sf7906 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 930 - 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2, 3 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7130 / sf9219 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 930 - 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 2, 6, 7, 17 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023, fig. 942, 944c-d | 7131 / sf10629 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 930 - 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2, 3 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7132 / sf14109 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 10 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7133 / sf7310 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 6, 7, 10, 18 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7134 / sf7343 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 6, 7, 10 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7135 / sf7360 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 7, 18 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023, fig. 943, 945b | 7136 / sf7893 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | ca. 975 | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 5, 7, 18 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7137 / sf11723 | ||
| Thetford, England | Great Britain | 9th - 11th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 3 |
Horse | Radius | Rogerson & Dallas 1984, 177-179, fig. 195-197 | ||||
| Thetford, England | Great Britain | Early Middle Age | Saxo-Norman | 1 |
Horse | Tibia | MacGregor 1976, 72 | |||||
| Thetford, England | Great Britain | 9th - 11th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 2 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Rogerson & Dallas 1984, 177-179, fig. 195-197 | ||||
| Thetford, England | Great Britain | 9th - 11th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 4 |
Horse | Metatarsus | Rogerson & Dallas 1984, 177-179, fig. 195-197 | ||||
| Thetford, England | Great Britain | 9th - 11th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | Rogerson & Dallas 1984, 177-179, fig. 195-197 | ||||
| Thetford, England | Great Britain | 9th - 11th cent. | Early Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 3 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | Rogerson & Dallas 1984, 177-179, fig. 195-197 | ||||
| Reigate | Great Britain | Early Middle Age | Saxo-Norman | 1 |
Red Deer | Metatarsus | MacGregor 1985, 144 | |||||
| Oxford | Great Britain | 9th cent. | Early Middle Age | 1? |
? | ? | MacGregor 1985, 144 | |||||
| Bedford | Great Britain | 8th cent. | Early Middle Age | 1? |
? | ? | MacGregor 1985, 144 | |||||
| Tiel | Netherlands | 9th - 11th cent. | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 4, 5 |
Lauwerier & Villari 1995, 178-179, fig. 3 | ||||
| Tiel | Netherlands | 9th - 11th cent. | Early Middle Age | 3 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2 |
Lauwerier & Villari 1995, 179 | ||||
| Schagen | Netherlands | Early Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | 13 |
dorso-caudal hole in distal end | Clason & Prummel 1982, fig. | ||||
| Schagen | Netherlands | Early Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | Clason & Prummel 1982 | ||||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 2, 6, 7, 13 |
oblique hole in proximal end | Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1995, 85-86, fig. 9A; 1998, fig. 1A | 565 | ||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 12 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1995, 85-86, fig. 9B; 1998, fig. 1B | 413 | |||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1995, 85-86, fig. 9C; 1998, fig. 1C | 86 | |||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 6, 7, 10, 11, |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1995, 85-86, fig. 9D; 1998, fig. 1D | 104 | |||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 6, 7, 11 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1995, 85-86, fig. 9E; 1998, fig. 1E | 233 | |||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1995, 85-86, fig. 9F; 1998, fig. 1F | 561 | |||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 4 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 6, 7 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998 | ||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 12 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 6, 7, 13 |
oblique hole in proximal end | Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998, fig. 1A | |||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 7 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 6, 7 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998 | ||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 3, 6, 7 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998, fig. 3A | ||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 7, 11 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998, fig. 3B | ||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 3 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 3, 6, 7 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998 | ||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998, fig. 2A | ||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 13 |
oblique hole in proximal end, ż 7 mm | Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998, fig. 2C | |||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998, fig. 2B | ||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 2 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998 | ||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 2, 12 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998, fig. 3C | ||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 2, 12 |
Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998 | ||||
| Oost-Souburg | Netherlands | 900 - 975 | Early Middle Age | 1 |
? | ? | Lauwerier & van Heeringen 1998 | |||||
| Dorestad, Hoogstraat I | Netherlands | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Clason 1980, fig 169.1 | 15771 | ||||
| Dorestad, Hoogstraat | Netherlands | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | palmar side = gliding side | Clason 1980, fig 169.2 | 373.1.8 | ||||
| Dorestad, Hoogstraat | Netherlands | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2, 4, 5, 18 |
not used | Clason 1980, 243-245, fig. 169.3 | 378.26 | |||
| Dorestad, Hoogstraat | Netherlands | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse or Donkey | Metatarsus | 3, 8, 9 |
Clason 1980, 243-245, fig. 169.4 | 16251 | ||||
| Dorestad, Hoogstraat | Netherlands | Early Middle Age | 1 |
Horse or Donkey | Metacarpus | 2, 3 |
Clason 1980, 243-245 | 361.5.2 | ||||
| Dorestad | Netherlands | Early Middle Age | 65 |
Horse, Cattle | Metapodium, Radius, Tibia | Prummel 1983, 259-260 | ||||||
| Poland | Poland | Early Middle Age | ? |
? | ? | Lipinska & Zeylandowa 1971, 50; Leciejewicz et al. 1972 | ||||||
| Gniezno | Poland | 7th - 9th cent. | Early Middle Age | Slavic | ? |
? | ? | Kostrzewski 1949, 289, 350-351 | ||||
| Trelleborg | Sweden | 8th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Viking | ? |
? | ? | Nżrlund 1948, 135 | ||||
| Ihre, Gotland | Sweden | 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Viking | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 3 | Stenberger, 1961, 20, 51, fig. 51 | |||
| Birka | Sweden | 8th - 10th cent. | Early Middle Age | Viking | ? |
? | ? | Arbman 1943, 38, 187, 284; Stenberger 1955, 1106 | ||||
| Brabant | Belgium | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 3 |
? | ? | MacGregor 1976, 64 | |||||
| Krnov (Jägerndorf) | Czech Republic | Middle Age | 1 |
Kinzer 1926, 39 | ||||||||
| Kadaň (Kaaden) | Czech Republic | Middle Age | 1 |
Kinzer 1928, 72 | ||||||||
| Ribe | Denmark | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 4 |
Exhibition Museum Ribes Vikinger 12/2005 | 3365 | ||
| Ribe | Denmark | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | Exhibition Museum Ribes Vikinger 12/2005 | 3265 ? | |||
| Ribe | Denmark | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 8 |
Exhibition Museum Ribes Vikinger 12/2005 | 7744 | ||
| Ribe | Denmark | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Viking | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 8 |
Exhibition Museum Ribes Vikinger 12/2005 | |||
| Århus | Denmark | Middle Age | ? |
? | ? | Andersen et al. 1971, 141-142 | ||||||
| Otepää | Estonia | 7th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 5, 9 |
Luik 2000, fig. 4.1; Maldre 2001, 21, fig. 7b | AI 4036: I 954 | |||
| Löhavere Hill-fort | Estonia | 12th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | unfinished | Luik, e-mail 2-4.3.2004 | ||||
| Kuusalu | Estonia | 9th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 6, 8 |
Luik 2000, fig. 3.4 | AI 5043: 245 | |||
| Iru Hill-fort | Estonia | until 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus ? | 6, 8 |
Luik 2000, fig. 3.5 | AI 3428: 750 | |||
| Iru Hill-fort | Estonia | until 11th cent. | Middle Age | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | Luik, e-mail 2.3.2004 | |||||
| Turku, Itäinen rantakatu | Finland | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 6, 7 |
Katajisto 2002, 6, 15, fig. 2 | Turku Provincial Museum | 14681:740 | |||
| Turku, Itäinen rantakatu | Finland | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
Katajisto 2002, 6-7, 15, fig. 2; Valonen 1958, 108, fig. 14 | Turku Provincial Museum | 14681:740 | |||
| Turku, Itäinen rantakatu | Finland | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 6 |
Katajisto 2002, 6, 15, fig. 2 | Turku Provincial Museum | 14681:740 | |||
| Kuusisto | Finland | Middle Age | 1 |
? | ? | Vilppula 1940, 54, 58 | KM 2801:58 | |||||
| St. Denis | France | Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | radius | Musée d'Art et d'Histoire | ||||||
| Saint-Denis | France | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | radius | 2, 5 |
Unité d'Archéologie Saint-Denis | 800103,1 | ||||
| Saint-Denis | France | Middle Age | 19 |
Metapodium | Unité d'Archéologie Saint-Denis | |||||||
| Wirdum, Burg Beninga | Germany | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 2, 8 |
distal fragment | Peters 2002, 49, 52, fig. 43.1 | Ostfriesische Landschaft Aurich | |||
| Wellinghusen | Germany | 7th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
Witt 2002, 281, foto 14 | ||||
| Usedom, Gross Lübbenau, Mecklenburg, Lübeck, Haith | Germany | Middle Age | Slavic, Viking, German | 129 |
? | ? | Becker 1990, 19 | |||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metapodium | 2, 4 |
distal end sawn | Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 41.1 | |||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 10 |
Heinrich 1995, 151-153; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 41.3 | ||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 10 |
Heinrich 1995, 151-153; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 41.4 | ||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 10, 17 |
Heinrich 1995, 151-153; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 41.5 | ||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 4 |
Heinrich 1995, 151-153; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 41.6 | ||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 4, 7, 8 |
Heinrich 1995, 151-153, fig. 13.2; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 41.7 | ||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 2 |
unfinished | Heinrich 1995, 151-153; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 41.8 | |||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 2 |
Heinrich 1995, 151-153; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 41.9 | ||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 4 |
Heinrich 1995, 151-153; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 41.10 | ||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 4, 5 |
Heinrich 1995, 151-153, fig. 13.1; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 41.11 | ||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2 |
Heinrich 1995, 151-153, fig. 13.3; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60 | ||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | Heinrich 1995, 151-153; Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60 | |||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 6 |
Cattle | Metapodium | Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60 | |||||
| Schleswig, Schild | Germany | 11th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 5 |
Horse | Metatarsus | proximal fragments | Heinrich 1995, 151-153 | ||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 8, 10, 17 |
wooden peg in axial hole | Ulbricht 1982, 24-27, fig. 9; 1984, 39, 60, pl. 89.1 | |||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 8 |
Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 89.2 | ||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 |
Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 89.3 | ||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 18 |
unfinished | Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 89.4 | |||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 3, 8, 10 |
Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 90.1 | ||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 4 |
Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 90.2 | ||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2, 4 |
Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 90.3 | ||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 10, 11 |
Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 90.4 | ||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metapodium | 1, 2, 11 |
Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 90.5 | ||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 4 |
Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60, pl. 90.6 | ||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 40 |
Horse | Metapodium | Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60 | |||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60 | |||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 21 |
Cattle | Metapodium | Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60 | |||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60 | |||||
| Schleswig, Plessenstrasse | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
? | ? | Ulbricht 1984, 39, 60 | |||||
| Niederdorla | Germany | 11th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Early German | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 3 |
Barthel 1969, 220, pl. 35.1 | Museum Weimar | MW 435/65 | |
| Mühlhausen | Germany | 11th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Early German | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 7 |
Barthel 1969, 219, pl. 37.2 | Museum Weimar | ||
| Konstanz | Germany | Middle Ages | 1 |
cattle | radius | 2 |
Planck 1994, 301 | |||||
| Konstanz | Germany | Middle Ages | 1 |
cattle | metapodium | 1, 2 |
Planck 1994, 301 | |||||
| Jever | Germany | Middle Age | Frisian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 8, 9 |
Holz & Hammer 2000, 2 | ||||
| Hamburg, Altstadt | Germany | Middle Age | 1 |
? | ? | Bischop, pers. com. 1/2004 | Exhibition Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, Hamburg 1/2004 | |||||
| Haithabu | Germany | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2 |
Exhibition Wikingermuseum Haithabu 11/2000 | |||
| Haithabu | Germany | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Viking | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 5 |
Exhibition Wikingermuseum Haithabu 11/2000 | |||
| Haithabu | Germany | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 8 |
Exhibition Wikingermuseum Haithabu 11/2000 | |||
| Haithabu | Germany | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
? | Radius | Exhibition Wikingermuseum Haithabu 11/2000 | ||||
| Haithabu | Germany | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 3 |
Archäologisch-Zoologische Arbeitsgruppe Schleswig (AZA) | |||
| Grimmersum | Germany | Middle Age ? | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | claimed to be Neolithic, dating wrong | Herman 1902, 223, fig. 128 | |||||
| Emden, Schulstraße | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | metacarpus | 2, 13, 19 |
distal end drilled hole (Ř 8.4 mm) dorsal-volar | Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | ||
| Emden, Schulstraße | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | 1, 4 |
fragment | Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | °EII R 3/2-256 | |
| Emden, Rosenstraße | Germany | 10th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2, 3, 8, 10, 13 |
3 drilled holes in the proximal articulation surface | Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | ||
| Emden, Rosenstraße | Germany | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 2, 19 |
Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | |||
| Emden, Rosenstraße | Germany | 10 - 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 1, 8 |
Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | E59 J 3.0/5.0 | ||
| Emden, Rosenstraße | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | metacarpus | 1, 4, 8 |
fragment | Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | °EN 12/5 | |
| Emden, Rosenstraße | Germany | 10th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | fragment | Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | °ER 13/6 | ||
| Emden, Große Kirche | Germany | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 2 |
Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
Reichstein 1994, 109, pl. 7.2 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
Reichstein 1994, 109, pl. 7.3 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
Reichstein 1994, 109, pl. 7.4 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 3 |
Reichstein 1994, 109, pl. 8.1 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | Reichstein 1994, 109, pl. 8.3 | |||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 4 |
Reichstein 1994, 109, pl. 9.1 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 5 |
Reichstein 1994, 109, pl. 9.2 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 3 |
Reichstein 1994, 109, pl. 9.3-4 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 8, 9 |
Reichstein 1994, 109 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 2 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2, 8, 9 |
Reichstein 1994, 109 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
palmar side = gliding side | Reichstein 1994, 109 | |||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 19 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
Reichstein 1994, 109 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 29 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2 |
Reichstein 1994, 109 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 7 |
Cattle | Radius | 2 |
Reichstein 1994, 109 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 3 |
Horse | Radius | 2 |
Reichstein 1994, 109 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 7 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2 |
Reichstein 1994, 109 | ||||
| Elisenhof | Germany | 8th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2 |
Reichstein 1994, 109 | ||||
| Bremen, Langenstr./Fangturm, 209 Altstadt | Germany | 12th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Bischop, pers. com. 25.2.2004 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | Bf. 6 | ||
| Bremen, Langenstr./Fangturm, 209 Altstadt | Germany | 12th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 4, 6, 7 |
cranial surface worn down till half of the medullar cavity | Bischop, pers. com. 25.2.2004 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | Bf. 6 | |
| Bremen, Carl-Ronning-Straße, 227-Altstadt | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Bischop 2008, 66-67, Abb. 4b | Landesarchäologie Bremen | ||||||
| Bremen, Bredenplatz, 231-Altstadt | Germany | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | Metacarpus | 4, 5 |
Halle pers. com. 9/2008 | Landes-archäologie Bremen | Bf. 1 | |||
| Bremen, Bredenplatz, 231-Altstadt | Germany | Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | metatarsus | 4, 5 |
Halle pers. com 9/2008 | Landes-archäologie Bremen | Bf. 1 | |||
| Bremen, Bredenplatz, 231-Altstadt | Germany | Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | radius | 2, 4, 5, 8, 9 |
drilling Ř 10-15 mm | Küchelmann, in prep. | Landes-archäologie Bremen | 3 | ||
| Bremen, Bredenplatz, 231-Altstadt | Germany | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 4, 5 |
heavily worn | Küchelmann, in prep. | Landes-archäologie Bremen | 4; Bf. 83 | ||
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
Bischop & Jager 2008, 194-196, Abb. 13.3 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 1 | ||
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
Cranial side worn down till half of medullar cavity | Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 2 | |
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
Cranial side worn down till half of medullar cavity | Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 3 | |
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 4, 6 |
Cranial side worn down till half of medullar cavity | Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 4 | |
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 4, 6 |
Cranial side worn down till half of medullar cavity | Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 5 | |
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 5, 6, 7 |
Cranial side worn down till half of medullar cavity | Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 6 | |
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 7a | ||
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 7b | ||
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 4, 5 |
Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 7c | ||
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 4, 5 |
Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 8a | ||
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 8b | ||
| Bremen, 223 Altstadt, Langenstr. 10-12 | Germany | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 5, 6 |
Bischop & Jager 2008, 195-196 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 8c | ||
| Bremen, 218 Altstadt, Langenstr. 31-35 | Germany | 9th - 10th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 4, 5, 18 |
heavily worn, medullar cavity exposed | Küchelmann 2006 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 287 | |
| Bremen, 218 Altstadt, Langenstr. 31-35 | Germany | 11th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | fragment | Küchelmann 2006 | Landes- archäologie Bremen | 843 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 983 - 1030 | Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 3, 7 |
Becker 1990, fig. 1 | BW23 If17889 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 1100 - 1150 | Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 3, 7 |
Becker 1990 | BW17 If17891 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 1100 - 1150 | Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Red Deer | Radius | 2, 3, 6, 7 |
Becker 1990, fig. 1, 3g | BW 20 If17887 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 1100 - 1150 | Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 3 |
Becker 1990 | BW17 If18246 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 1100 - 1200 | Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 3 |
Becker 1990, fig. 1, 3e, 4a | BW 17 IF19683 | ||
| Berlin-Spandau | Germany | 1100 - 1150 | Middle Age | Slavic | 1 |
Horse | metacarpus | 2, 3 |
semi-finished | Becker 1990, 30 | BW20 If17880 | |
| York, The Bedern Foundry | Great Britain | 12th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 18 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2051 | 7981 / sf1742 | ||
| York, Suffolk, Ipswich, Thetford, Nothampton, Walt | Great Britain | 8th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 122 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 18 |
various combinations of modifications specified in reference | MacGregor 1976, 58-59, 65, 71-74, tab. 1, pl. IV | British Museum London, Museum of London, National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland Edinborough, Pitt-Rvers-Museum Oxford, Scarborough Museum, Sheffield City Museum, Yorkshire Museum York and other collections | ||
| York, Suffolk, Ipswich, Thetford, Nothampton, Walt | Great Britain | 8th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 29 |
Cattle | Metapodium | 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 18 |
various combinations of modifications specified in reference | MacGregor 1976, 58-59, 65, 71-74, tab. 1, pl. IV | British Museum London, Museum of London, National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland Edinborough, Pitt-Rvers-Museum Oxford, Scarborough Museum, Sheffield City Museum, Yorkshire Museum York and other collections | ||
| York, Suffolk, Ipswich, Thetford, Nothampton, Walt | Great Britain | 8th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 10 |
Horse, Cattle | Radius | 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 18 |
various combinations of modifications specified in reference | MacGregor 1976, 58-59, 65, 71-74, tab. 1, pl. IV | British Museum London, Museum of London, National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland Edinborough, Pitt-Rvers-Museum Oxford, Scarborough Museum, Sheffield City Museum, Yorkshire Museum York and other collections | ||
| York, Piccadilly | Great Britain | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 2 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2049 | 7931 / sf324 | ||
| York, Piccadilly | Great Britain | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 1, 2 |
very short (153 mm) | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2049, fig. 943 | 7932 / sf325 | |
| York, Fishergate | Great Britain | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 2 |
? | ? | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1987 | 5610; 5611 | |||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 4, 18 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7138 / sf432 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Tibia | 10 |
immature individual | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023, fig. 943 | 7139 / sf1936 | |
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 1, 2 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7140 / sf2174 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 3, 6, 7 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7141 / sf4251 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
? | ? | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7142 / sf5813 | |||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 10 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7143 / sf6456 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 2 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7144 / sf6528 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
? | ? | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7145 / sf6745 | |||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7146 / sf9864 | |||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 10 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7147 / sf10993 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 10th - 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 2 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7148 / sf12720 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7149 / sf15557 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 11th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 10 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7150 / sf16042 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 11th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 18 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7151 / sf1360 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 11th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 2, 6, 7, 10 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7152 / sf4079 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 9th - 16th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 6, 7, 10 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2024 | 7159 / sf2378 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 9th - 16th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 10, 18 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2024 | 7160 / sf2694 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 9th - 16th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2024 | 7161 / sf12264 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 9th - 16th cent. | Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 7, 10, 17, 18 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2048 | 7901 / sf49 | ||
| York | Great Britain | 8th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 13 |
sagittal gap between condyli used for binding | MacGregor 1976, 59-60, fig. 1B | Sheffield City Museum | ||
| London | Great Britain | 8th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 6, 7, 11, 12 |
MacGregor 1976, 60, fig. 1D; 1985, 143, fig. 76b | Museum of London | |||
| England | Great Britain | 8th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
MacGregor 1976, 60, fig. 1A; 1985, 143, fig. 76a | Museum of London | |||
| Dublin | Ireland | 11th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
? | ? | 1, 10 |
MacGregor 1976, 74 | National Museum of Ireland | 149 | ||
| Dublin | Ireland | 12th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
? | ? | 1 |
MacGregor 1976, 74 | National Museum of Ireland | 48 | ||
| Riga, St. George Church | Latvia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 9, 13 |
2 dorsoplantar holes distal | Tilko 2005, fig. 4.2 | ||||
| Riga, 8 Basteja Boulevard | Latvia | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 8, 9 |
Tilko 2005, fig. 4.1 | VRVM 173945/5 | ||||
| Laukskola | Latvia | 11th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Tilko 2005, 146-147 | VI 128: 7283 | ||||||
| Daugmale Hill-Fort | Latvia | 10th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | 20 |
Tilko 2005, 146 | |||||||
| Aizkraukle Hill-fort | Latvia | 10th - 13th cent. | Middle Age | 2 |
Tilko 2005, 147 | |||||||
| Wijk near Dorestad | Netherlands | 8th - 10th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
metapodium | horse | van Vilsteren 1987, 47-48, fig. 71 | Rijksmuseum van Oudheden Leiden | WD 659 | |||
| Tiel | Netherlands | 11th cent. | Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Costa | Lauwerier & Villari 1995, 178-179, fig. 3 | |||||
| Oldeboorn | Netherlands | 11th - 12th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 8, 9 |
Zeiler 1988, fig. 1 | ||||
| Aalsum | Netherlands | Middle Age ? | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | claimed to be Neolithic, dating wrong | Herman 1902, 223-224, fig. 129 | |||||
| Trondheim | Norway | Middle Age | 65 |
? | ? | Grieg 1933, 264; Long 1975, 25 | ||||||
| Oslo | Norway | Middle Age | 402 |
? | ? | Grieg 1933, 265; Herteig 1969, 198 | ||||||
| Bergen | Norway | Middle Age | 4 |
? | ? | Grieg 1933, 265; Herteig 1969, 198 | ||||||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski, ul. Kapitulna 4 | Poland | 12th-13th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 1, 2, 8, 13 |
oblique hole proximoplantar | Bykowski et al. 2004, 139, fig. 14a | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | ||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski, ul. Kapitulna 4 | Poland | 12th-13th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 1, 2, 8 |
fragment | Bykowski et al. 2004, 139, fig. 14b | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | ||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 12 |
horse, cattle | metapodium, radius | Jaworski 1990 | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | |||||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Ages | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 1, 2, 8, 13 |
oblique hole proximoplantar | exhibition Archaeological Museum Wroclaw 9/2009 | 6 | |||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 1, 2, 3 |
Jaworski 1990, 122, pl. IXa | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 162 c/78 | |||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 1, 2, 8, 13 |
oblique hole proximoplantar | Jaworski 1990, 122, pl. IXb | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 27 c/78 | ||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 1, 2 |
Jaworski 1990, 122, pl. IXc | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 160 a/74 | |||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 1, 2 |
Jaworski 1990, 122, pl. IXd | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 257 c/78 | |||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 2, 3 |
Jaworski 1990, 122, pl. IXe | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 162 c/78 | |||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | 2 |
fragment | Jaworski 1990, 122, pl. IXf | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 134 i/78 | ||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | 2, 3 |
Jaworski 1990, 123, pl. Xb | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 11 a/78 | |||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | metapodium | 2, 7 |
Jaworski 1990, 123, pl. Xc | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 166 c/78 | |||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | 2, 3 |
Jaworski 1990, 123, pl. Xd | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 11 a/78 | |||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | 2 |
Jaworski 1990, 123, pl. Xa | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 165 b/78 | |||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | metatarsus | 2 |
not used | Jaworski 1990, 123, pl. Xe | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 13 c/77 | ||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | 11th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
Jaworski 1990, 84-85, tab. 17 | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 27 c/77 | |||||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | 11th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
Jaworski 1990, 84-85, tab. 17 | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | 241 b/75 | |||||
| Wroclaw, Ostrow Tumski | Poland | Middle Age | 5 |
horse, cattle | metapodium, radius, costa | exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | ||||||
| Wroclaw, Osobowice | Poland | Middle Ages | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 1, 2, 8, 13 |
oblique hole proximopalmar | exhibition Archaeological Museum Wroclaw 9/2009 | 25 | |||
| Wroclaw, Osobowice | Poland | Middle Ages | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 1, 2, 5, 13 |
oblique hole proximoplantar | exhibition Archaeological Museum Wroclaw 9/2009 | 25 | |||
| Wroclaw, Lewobrzezny, Nowy Targ | Poland | 12th - 13th c. | Middle Ages | 1 |
horse | radius | 2,3 |
Kazmierczyk 1970, 512 | exhibition Archaeological Museum Wroclaw 9/2009 | 23 | ||
| Poznan | Poland | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 1, 2, 8, 13 |
oblique hole posteriopalmar | Winiarska-Kabacinska pers. com. 10.9.2009 | Poznan Archaeological Museum | |||
| Poznan | Poland | Middle Age | 30-40 |
Winiarska-Kabacinska pers. com. 10.9.2009 | Poznan Archaeological Museum | |||||||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 11th - 12th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 4 |
Rozwód 2007 | 24/62 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 12th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 1 |
Rozwód 2007 | 1614/52 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 12th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | 4, 18 |
Rozwód 2007 | 1052/53 | ||||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 11th - 12th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 1, 2, 17 |
Rozwód 2007 | 1243/54 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 12th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 1, 17 |
Rozwód 2007 | 1240/53 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 11th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 1, 2, 17, 18 |
not used? | Norska-Gulkowa 1983, fig. 16a | 2657/54 | ||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 11th - 12th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | 1, 2 |
Norska-Gulkowa 1983, fig. 16b | 875/62 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 12th - 13th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 |
Norska-Gulkowa 1983, fig. 16c | 1678/52 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 10th - 14th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 1, 2 |
Norska-Gulkowa 1983, fig. 15b | A22 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 11th - 12th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 1 |
Norska-Gulkowa 1983, fig. 15c | 310a/56 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 12th - 13th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | metacarpus | 1, 2, 7 |
Norska-Gulkowa 1983, fig. 15d; Rozwód 2007 | 1704/52 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 11th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 |
Norska-Gulkowa 1983, fig. 15e | 297/68 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 12th - 13th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
Norska-Gulkowa 1983, fig. 17b | 1711/52 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 11th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | metatarsus | 2 |
Rozwód 2007 | 1604:52 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 12th - 13th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | Rozwód 2007 | 1676/52 | ||||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 10th - 14th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 1, 2, 6, 7, 17 |
Rozwód 2007 | A24 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 11th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
Rozwód 2007 | 217f/63 | ||||||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 10th - 14th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 7 |
Rozwód 2007 | 1835/53 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 12th - 13th c. | Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 2, 3 |
Rozwód 2007 | 213a/58 | |||
| Opole | Poland | Middle Ages | 1 |
horse | radius | 2, 3, 4, 5 |
exhibition Archaeological Museum Wroclaw 9/2009 | 19 | ||||
| Wiskiauten | Russia | 10th -11th cent. | Middle Age | Viking | 1 |
cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 3 |
Ibsen, e-mail 12.2.2007 | 28 | ||
| Russia | Russia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 18 |
unfinished | Semenov 1957, fig. 105.1; 1959, 354, fig. 1.1 | ||||
| Russia | Russia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | Semenov 1959, 354, fig. 1.2 | ||||||
| Russia | Russia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | Semenov 1959, 354, fig. 1.3 | ||||||
| Russia | Russia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | Semenov 1957, fig. 105.2; 1959, 354, fig. 1.4 | ||||||
| Russia | Russia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | worn down till half of medullar cavity | Semenov 1959, 354, fig. 1.5 | |||||
| Russia | Russia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 |
Semenov 1957, fig. 105.3; 1959, 355, fig. 2.1 | |||||
| Russia | Russia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 |
Semenov 1959, 355, fig. 2.2 | |||||
| Russia | Russia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
Semenov 1959, 355, fig. 2.3 | |||||
| Russia | Russia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 8 |
Semenov 1957, fig. 105.4; 1959, 355, fig. 2.4 | |||||
| Russia | Russia | Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 7 |
Semenov 1959, 355, fig. 2.5 | |||||
| Novgorod | Russia | 10th - 14th cent. | Middle Age | > 50 |
Horse, Cattle | Metapodium, Radius | 1, 8, 9 |
drilled holes mainly in 13th cent. finds | Stephen, e-mails 13.-15.8.2003 | |||
| Lund | Sweden | 11th -12th cent. | Middle Age | Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | metapodium | 1, 2, 8, 10 |
Cinthio 1976, 384, fig. 335 | KM 66166:1044 | ||
| Lund | Sweden | 11th -12th cent. | Middle Age | Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 10, 11 |
Cinthio 1976, 383-384, fig. 335; Roesdahl 1992, 51, 233 | KM 66166:1444 | ||
| Lund | Sweden | 11th -12th cent. | Middle Age | Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 8, 10 |
Roesdahl 1992, 51, 233 | KM 66166:1511 | ||
| Lund | Sweden | 11th -12th cent. | Middle Age | Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | metapdium | 1, 2, 8, 10 |
Cinthio 1976, 383-384, fig. 335 | KM 66166:1625 | ||
| Lund | Sweden | 11th -12th cent. | Middle Age | Scandinavian | 24 |
horse | radius | Cinthio 1976, 383-384, fig. 334 | ||||
| Lund | Sweden | 11th -12th cent. | Middle Age | Scandinavian | 1 |
cattle | radius | Cinthio 1976, 383-384 | ||||
| Lund | Sweden | 12th cent. | Middle Age | Scandinavian | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 |
Cinthio 1976, 383-385, fig. 337 | KM 66166:582 | ||
| Lund | Sweden | 11th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | 8 |
horse | metapodium | Cinthio 1976, 383-385, fig. 334 | |||||
| Lund | Sweden | 11th - 12th cent. | Middle Age | 2 |
Cattle | Metapodium | Cinthio 1976, 383-385, fig. 334 | |||||
| Fole | Sweden | Middle Age | ? |
? | ? | Bohrn 1942, 68 | ||||||
| Viljandi | Estonia | 13th - 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 3, 7 |
Luik 2000, fig. 6.1 | VM 10258: 485 | |||
| Viljandi | Estonia | 13th - 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 4 |
Luik 2000, fig. 6.2 | VM 10258: 408 | |||
| Pärnu | Estonia | 13th - 15th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metapodium | Luik, e-mail 8.3.2004 | |||||
| Lihula | Estonia | 13th - 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
Luik 2000, fig. 5 | AI 808: 794 | |||
| Lihula | Estonia | 13th - 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 3, 7, 8? |
Luik, e-mail 2.-4.3.2004 | AM 942 | |||
| Lihula | Estonia | 13th - 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 2, 3 |
Luik, e-mail 2.-4.3.2004 | AM 942 | |||
| Turku, Vanha Suurtori | Finland | 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | Katajisto 2002, 11-12, 16, fig. 4 | Turku Provincial Museum | 20315:291 | |||
| Turku, Vanha Suurtori | Finland | 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | Katajisto 2002, 12, 16 | Turku Provincial Museum | 20315:1654 | |||
| Turku, Åbo Akademie | Finland | 14th - 15th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 13, 17, 19 |
oblique hole through center of distal end, distal two small vertical holes | Katajisto 2002, 15-16, fig. 5 | Turku Provincial Museum | 21816:LU 68 | |
| Turku, Åbo Akademie | Finland | 15th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | Katajisto 2002, 14, 16 | Turku Provincial Museum | 21816:LU 147 | |||
| Turku | Finland | 15th cent. or older | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 18 |
immature individual, not used, determination as skate not certain | Katajisto 2002, 13, 16, 24, fig. 6 | Aboa Vetus Museum Turku 2/2004 | KM 95032: 10915 (LU 1203a) | |
| Turku | Finland | 16th cent. or older | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | 3, 10 |
Katajisto 2002, 13, 16, 25, fig. 8 | Exhibition Aboa Vetus Museum Turku 2/2004 | KM 95032: 10963 (LU1668) | ||
| Emden, Schulstraße | Germany | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 4, 10 |
Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | |||
| Emden, Schulstraße | Germany | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 2, 8, 10 |
Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | °EII H 50/14-164 | ||
| Emden, Schulstraße | Germany | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
cattle | metatarsus | 8 |
fragment | Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung Wilhelmshaven | °EII K 2/2-185 | |
| Emden, Kirchstraße | Germany | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 8 |
Grimm, e-mail 24.4.2006 | Ostfriesische Landschaft Aurich | EMDK 1629 | ||
| Bremen, Wachtstrasse | Germany | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
Rech 2004, 391-392, fig. 397.1 | Exhibition Focke-Museum Bremen 2/2004 | |||
| Bremen, Martinistrasse, Fst. 4-Altstadt | Germany | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 8, 10 |
Lehnert 1997, 60-61, V, pl. 3.4, 21.1 Rech 2004, 391-392, fig. 397.2 | Focke-Museum Bremen | FM 10039 | ||
| Bremen, Arsten | Germany | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 4, 6, 7 |
Brandt 1993, 205-206, fig. 2b; Rech 2004, 392 | Focke-Museum Bremen | FM 10133 | ||
| Bremen, Arsten | Germany | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 4, 6 |
Brandt 1993, 205-206, fig. 2c; Rech 2004, 392 | Focke-Museum Bremen | FM 10133 | ||
| Borken, Burg Borkenwirthe | Germany | 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
? | ? | 8, 10 |
Bischop, pers. com. 1/2004 | Exhibition Hamalandmuseum Vreden | |||
| York, The Bedern | Great Britain | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2055 | 8081 / sf788 | |||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2023 | 7153 / sf3282 | |||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2024, fig. 943, 944e | 7154 / sf908 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 1 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2024 | 7155 / sf1294 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1, 2, 8, 10, 17 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2024 | 7156 / sf3404 | ||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 13th - 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | Anglo- Scandinavian, English | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 10, 17 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2024 | 7157 / sf1074 | ||
| Dublin | Ireland | 13th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
? | ? | 1, 8 |
MacGregor 1976, 74 | National Museum of Ireland | 147 | ||
| Ventspils | Latvia | 14th - 16th cent. | Late Middle Age - Early Modern Time | 2 |
Tilko 2005, 146 | |||||||
| Turaida Castle | Latvia | 13th - 16th cent. | Late Middle Age - Early Modern Time | 1 |
Tilko 2005, 146 | |||||||
| Riga, Occupation Museum | Latvia | 13th - 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | Tilko 2005, fig. 5.2 | VI 172: 16 | ||||
| Riga, Army Economical Shop | Latvia | 13th - 16th cent. | Late Middle Age - Early Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 8, 9, 13, 19 |
2 holes proximal and distal drilled perpendicular into transverse holes | Tilko 2005, fig. 3 | AEV 162 | ||
| Riga, 8-10 Lielá Pils Street | Latvia | 13th - 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Tilko 2005, fig. 5.1 | VI 166: 236 | ||||
| Mártinsala | Latvia | 13th - 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 2 |
Tilko 2005, 146 | VI 121: 1054, 1055 | ||||||
| Mártinsala | Latvia | 13th - 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
13 |
vertical holes | Tilko 2005, 146 | VI 121: 2130 | ||||
| Medemblik, Kerksteeg | Netherlands | Late Middle Age | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 1, 2, 3, 5 |
ADC rapport 608 | MEDK-06-04 | ||||
| Wroclaw, ul. Mikolaja 26 | Poland | 15th - 16th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | 2, 3 |
Jastrzebski 2004, 256-259, fig. 7e-f | 277/S M 26/2000 | |||
| Wroclaw, ul. Mikolaja 26 | Poland | 14th cent. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
horse | radius | 2, 3 |
Jastrzebski 2004, 257-258, fig. 6a-b | 278/S M 26/2000 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 13th c. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 2 |
Norska-Gulkowa 1983, fig. 17a | 401/51 | |||
| Ostrówek, Opole | Poland | 13th - 15th c. | Late Middle Age | 1 |
horse | metapodium | 1, 2, 7, 17 |
Rozwód 2007 | 9146/49 | |||
| Haapsalu | Estonia | 16th cent. | Early Modern Time | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 7 |
Russow 2002, 131, fig. 11 | HM 8850: 55 | |||
| Åland, Kastelholms Slott | Finland | Early Modern Time | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | Elfwendahl 1991, 152 | 565:2102; 565:2872 | |||||
| York, Coppergate | Great Britain | 16th cent. | Early Modern Time | English | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 1 |
MacGregor et al. 1999, 1984-1989, 2024 | 7158 / sf2601 | ||
| Csontkorcsolya | Hungary | 16th cent. | Early Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Exhibition Museum of Hungarian Agriculture 12/2006 | 88 | |||
| Csontkorcsolya | Hungary | 16th cent. | Early Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Radius | Exhibition Museum of Hungarian Agriculture 12/2006 | |||||
| Alúksne | Latvia | 16th - 17th cent. | Early Modern Time | 1 |
Tilko 2005, 146 | |||||||
| Wroclaw, ul. Wierzbowa 3/4 | Poland | 16th - 18th cent. | Early Modern Time | 2 |
Jastrzebski 2004, 257 | |||||||
| Vihterpalu | Estonia | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 6, 7 |
Luik 2000, fig. 14 | HMK 624 | |||
| Suur-Pakri | Estonia | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | 8, 9, 17 |
Luik 2000, fig. 11 | ERM A 333:1,2 | |||
| Pühalepa | Estonia | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 19 |
Luik 2000, fig. 10 | ERM A 492:59 | |||
| Osmussaar | Estonia | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2 |
Luik 2000, fig. 12 | ERM A 493: 78A | |||
| Osmussaar | Estonia | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 8, 13 |
transverse hole in the middle of skate | Luik 2000, fig. 12 | ERM A 493: 78B | ||
| Osmussaar | Estonia | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2 |
Luik 2000, fig. 13 | ERM A 493: 38 | |||
| Turku | Finland | before 1743 | Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 13, 19 |
oblique hole through center of distal end | Katajisto 2002, 13, 16 | Aboa Vetus Museum Turku 2/2004 | KM 95032: 10922 (LU 1478) | |
| Nauvo | Finland | 19th cent. ? | Modern Time | 2 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 11, 12, 17, 19 |
Turku Provincial Museum | 2093 | |||
| Nauvo | Finland | 19th cent. ? | Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 11, 12, 17, 19 |
Turku Provincial Museum | 2095 | |||
| Korpoo | Finland | 19th cent? | Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 19 |
Vilppula 1940, fig. 3 | Kansallismuseon | D 172 | ||
| Kokemäki | Finland | 19th cent? | Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 19 |
Vilppula 1940, fig. 3 | Kansallismuseon | 2031:24:00 | ||
| Ilmajoki | Finland | 19th cent? | Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 4, 5, 11, 12, 19 |
Vilppula 1940, fig. 1 | Ilmajoen Museo | 1498 | ||
| Archipelago | Finland | ca. 1850 | Modern Time | 2 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 11, 12, 13, 19 |
oblique hole through center of distal end; one specimen with two additional holes proximal; called downhill skates"" by donator" | Turku Provincial Museum | 15053:3 | ||
| Berlin | Germany | 19th cent.? | Modern Time | 1 |
Sheep | Mandibula | with wooden foothold | Friedel 1898, 325; Herman 1902, 226, fig. 134 | ||||
| Kezdi-Szt.-Lélek | Hungary | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | Herman 1902, pl. V.2-3 | |||||
| Hungary | Hungary | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | 13 |
hole not specified | Herman 1902, pl. V.8 | |||
| Dobrudscha | Hungary | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 4, 5 |
Herman 1902, 225, fig. 133 | ||||
| Dobrudscha | Hungary | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 5 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 8, 9 |
Herman 1902, pl. V.9-13 | ||||
| Csongád- Mindszent | Hungary | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 5 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1 |
Herman 1902, pl. V.5-7 | ||||
| Skogar | Iceland | 20th cent. | Modern Time | 2 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9 |
McGovern, e-mail 2.7.2003; Short e-mail 28. 2. 2006 | Exhibition Skogar Folkmuseum | |||
| Reykjavik | Iceland | 19th cent. | Modern Time | 2 |
? | ? | McGovern, e-mail 2.7.2003 | Exhibition National Museum of Iceland | ||||
| Iceland | Iceland | 1878 | Modern Time | 2 |
? | ? | Allen 1896, 33-34 | |||||
| East Poland | Poland | ca. 1880 | Modern Time | 2 |
Cattle | Costa | 13 |
two transverse holes through Corpus costae | kunst & antiek Revue 1 / 1985, 13 | |||
| Prinzendorf | Austria | no date | no date | 1 |
red deer | tibia | Vohnicky 1933, 86 | Landesmuseum Niederösterreich St. Pölten | 660 | |||
| Frauenhofen | Austria | no date | no date | 1 |
horse | metatarsus | 19 |
Vohnicky 1933 | Heimatmuseum Tulln | |||
| North East Bulgaria | Bulgaria | no date | no date | 5 |
? | ? | Vázarova 1986 | |||||
| Arctic Islands | Canada | 500 BC - 1000 AD | Dorset | 3 |
bone and ivory | Sutherland & McGhee 1998, 8 | exhibition Übersee-Museum Bremen 3/1999 | |||||
| Olomouc (Olmütz) | Czech Republic | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | Jeitteles 1871 | |||||||
| Miculcice | Czech Republic | no date | no date | 1 |
? | Tibia | Kratochvil & Sterba 1970, 452 | |||||
| Miculcice | Czech Republic | no date | no date | 155 |
? | Metapodium, Radius | Kratochvil & Sterba 1970 | |||||
| Czech Republik | Czech Republic | no date | no date | 93 |
? | ? | Hruby 1957; 1965 | |||||
| Slánská Hora | Czech Republik | no date | 1 |
human | femur | 1, 8 |
Schmidt 1895 | National Museum Prague | 16.321 | |||
| Viborg | Denmark | no date | no date | 1 |
? | ? | carved with human face | Nielsen 1968, 38 | ||||
| Lehmja | Estonia | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 8 |
1000 BC - 1100 AD | Luik 2000, fig. 3.2 | AI 5310: III 141 | ||
| Lehmja | Estonia | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 9 |
1000 BC - 1100 AD | Luik 2000, fig. 3.3 | AI 5310: 228 | ||
| Turku, Vanha Suurtori | Finland | no date | no date | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | Katajisto 2002, 9, 16, fig. 3 | Turku Provincial Museum | 18618:25 | |||
| Turku, Uudenmaankatu | Finland | no date | no date | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | Katajisto 2002, 11, 16 | Turku Provincial Museum | 18703:21 | |||
| Turku, Nunnakatu | Finland | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 19 |
Katajisto 2002, 7, 16; Valonen 1958, 108 | Turku Provincial Museum | 14681:2000 | |||
| Turku, Mätäjervi | Finland | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | Katajisto 2002, 10, 16 | Turku Provincial Museum | 18831:72 | |||
| Turku, Itäinen rantakatu | Finland | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | Katajisto 2002, 8, 16 | Turku Provincial Museum | 17361:71e | |||
| Turku, Hovioikeudenkatu | Finland | no date | no date | 1 |
Cattle | Metatarsus | Katajisto 2002, 8, 16 | Turku Provincial Museum | 17017:88 | |||
| Turku, Castle | Finland | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 19 |
14th cent. onwards | Katajisto 2002, 5-6, 15 | Turku Provincial Museum | 13275:11.117 | |
| Turku, Castle | Finland | no date | no date | 1 |
Cattle | Radius | Katajisto 2002, 8, 16 | Turku Provincial Museum | 18331:113 | |||
| Turku, Brahenkatu | Finland | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | Katajisto 2002, 7, 16 | Turku Provincial Museum | 17015:65 | |||
| Björko | Finland | no date | no date | 2 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 13, 19 |
one specimen with vertical hole at proximal end | Exhibition National Museum of Finland Helsinki 2/2004 | 784 | ||
| Spandau | Germany | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | claimed to be Bronze Age, dating doubtful | Herman 1902, 223 | ||||
| Schwaikheim | Germany | no date | no date | 1 |
Speiser 2006 | Heimatverein Schwaikheim | ||||||
| Norddeutschland | Germany | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2 |
Herman 1902, 224, fig. 130; Lindenschmit 1864, pl. 1.1 | Museum Hannover | |||
| near Berlin | Germany | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Radius | sledge runner? | Herman 1902, 223, fig. 127 | ||||
| Merseburg | Germany | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 2, 3, 6, 8, 9 |
holes ż 7 mm | Barthel 1969, 225 | Landesmuseum Halle | MH 4156 | |
| Gispersleben | Germany | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 17 |
Barthel 1969, 216-217, pl. 33.2 | Museum Weimar | MW 266/62 | ||
| Bremen, Weser | Germany | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 8 |
Focke-Museum Bremen | ||||
| Bremen, Strom | Germany | no date | no date | 2 |
Horse | Metapodium | Focke-Museum Bremen | FM 9929 | ||||
| Bremen, Strom | Germany | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 3, 6, 7 |
Focke-Museum Bremen | FM 9929 | |||
| Bremen, Strom | Germany | no date | no date | 1 |
? | Radius | Focke-Museum Bremen | FM 9929 | ||||
| St. Peter of Arches | Great Britain | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 8 |
Herman 1902, 225, fig. 132; Munro 1897, 296 | ||||
| London | Great Britain | no date | no date | 7 |
? | ? | MacGregor 1985, 144 | |||||
| London | Great Britain | no date | no date | 2 |
? | ? | Herman 1902, 224-225; Munro 1897 | |||||
| Durham | Great Britain | no date | no date | 1 |
? | ? | Exhibition Durham Archaeological Museum 8/2002 | 1984:06:14 | ||||
| Abingdon | Great Britain | no date | no date | 1 |
? | ? | MacGregor 1985, 144 | |||||
| Aberdeen, Scotland | Great Britain | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 3 |
MacGregor 1985, 144 | ||||
| Westerwijtwerd | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2, 3, 10, 18 |
not used; 600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002, fig. 158.1 | 1900/I 392 | ||
| Westerwijtwerd | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 1, 2, 8, 9, 13 |
transverse hole in the middle of skate; 600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002, fig. 158.4 | 1900/VI 17 | ||
| Westerwijtwerd | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 4, 5, 8, 9 |
600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002, fig. 158.5 | 1900/I 392 | ||
| Westerwijtwerd | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 2, 4, 5, 10 |
figure inconsistant with description claiming only metapodiae were used; 600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002, fig. 159.1 | 1962/II 32 | ||
| Westerwijtwerd | Netherlands | 600 BC - 1900 AD, no date | no date | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2, 3, 8, 9 |
600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002, fig. 159.2 | 1900/I 395 | ||
| Westeremden | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | 600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002, fig. 158.2 | 1921/I 18 | |||
| Westeremden | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002, fig. 158.3 | 1909/I 180 | ||
| Westeremden | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | all surfaces polished, secondary use?; 600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002, fig. 158.7 | 1921/I 19 | |||
| West-Fivelingo | Netherlands | no date | no date | 6 |
Horse, Cattle | Metapodium | 2, 3 |
600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002 | |||
| West-Fivelingo | Netherlands | no date | no date | 6 |
Horse, Cattle | Metapodium | 600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002 | ||||
| Toornwerd | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Cattle | Metacarpus | 2 |
600 BC - 1900 AD | Miedema 2002, fig. 158.6 | 1946/V 69 | ||
| Osterend | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metatarsus | 2, 11 |
Herman 1902, 224, fig. 131; Lindenschmit 1858, pl.1.3-4a | Museum Leiden | |||
| Oosterbeintum | Netherlands | 600 BC - 1500 AD | no date | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 2, 3, 8, 9 |
Kramer & Prummel 2000, 108-109 | 28bis-16 | |||
| Oosterbeintum | Netherlands | 600 BC - 1500 AD | no date | 1 |
horse | metacarpus | 2, 8, 13 |
unfinished 2nd hole above distal hole | Kramer & Prummel 2000, 108-109 | 28bis-97 | ||
| Oosterbeintum | Netherlands | 600 BC - 1500 AD | no date | 1 |
horse | radius | 1, 8, 9, 19 |
fragment | Kramer & Prummel 2000, 108-110 | 28bis-273 | ||
| Netherlands | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
? | Radius | 2, 5, 5, 8, 9 |
Nieuwenbourg-Bron 1996?, 10 | ||||
| Netherlands | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Cattle | Metapodium | 2, 3 |
Nieuwenbourg-Bron 1996?, 10 | ||||
| Netherlands | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
? | Metapodium | 2, 4, 10, 11 |
Broere 1988, 6 | Broere | |||
| Hindelopen | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
? | ? | 2, 4, 58, 9 |
Nieuwenbourg-Bron 1996?, 11 | ||||
| Hindelopen | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Cattle | Metapodium | 1 |
Nieuwenbourg-Bron 1996?, 11 | ||||
| Groningen | Netherlands | no date | no date | 16 |
? | ? | Groningen Instituut voor Archeologie | |||||
| Deventer | Netherlands | no date | no date | 2 |
Cattle | Metapodium | 8th - 19th cent. | Ijzereff & Laarmann 1986, 413-414, fig. 8 | ||||
| Deventer | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Radius | 8th - 19th cent. | Ijzereff & Laarmann 1986, 413-414, fig. 8 | ||||
| Amsterdam | Netherlands | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metacarpus | de Vegt, Bremen, Germany | 77 | ||||
| Niemcza, district Dzierzoniow | Poland | 8 |
exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | |||||||||
| Domaslaw, district Wroclaw | Poland | 5 |
exhibition Archaeological House Wroclaw 9/2009 | |||||||||
| …land | Sweden | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 7, 8, 9 |
Berg 1943, 87, fig. 10 | Nordiska Museet | 136.223 | ||
| Uppsala | Sweden | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 19 |
Berg 1943, 87, fig. 8 | Nordiska Museet | 8.727 | ||
| Mälarsee | Sweden | no date | no date | 300 |
? | ? | Herman 1902, 226 | |||||
| Lund | Sweden | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 8 |
Berg 1943, 87, fig. 9 | Nordiska Museet | 189.123 | ||
| By, Dalarna | Sweden | no date | no date | 1 |
Horse | Metapodium | 2, 19 |
Berg 1943, 87, fig. 7 | Nordiska Museet | 79.992 |
copyright 2001 - 2010 by Hans Christian Küchelmann














